三毛流浪记

45分钟，室温降到-269℃ 杭州造的“超级冰箱”可以量产了_我的网站

一 |     The Department of Homeland Security is telling state and local governments to update software and beef up security around devices connected to the nationwide Emergency Alert System (EAS). The recommendation comes days after security researcher Ken Pyle revealed vulnerabilities in devices used by officials to encode EAS alerts.,Pyle told KerbsOnSecurity that he first discovered the vulnerabilities in 2019 after buying old EAS equipment on eBay. He quickly found the vulnerabilities and alerted the FBI, DHS, and the manufacturer of the devices. Pyle decided to give the manufacturer and government time to address the issue before going public.,DHS Inspector General Overseeing Jan.6 Secret Service Probe Previously Misled Investigators: Report4 August, 12:27 GMT,He started to worry after the Jan 6, 2021 riot at the US Capitol, fearing that the vulnerabilities could be used “to start a civil war.”,That is because despite a patch being issued in 2019, many of the devices have not been updated either because they are too old for the new firmware or because of simple neglect by the operators. Pyle also says that many operators do not perform basic security measures recommended by the manufacturer, like changing the default password and putting the devices behind a firewall.,This is a problem because of the way EAS messages are distributed. There is no central authority and the process is automated in most cases. This means that someone could issue an alert locally and as long as it is accepted as a real EAS alert, it could spread nationwide.,“These devices are designed such that someone locally can issue an alert, but there’s no central control over whether I am the one person who can send or whatever,” Pyle told KerbsOnSecurity. “If you are a local operator, you can send out nationwide alerts. That’s how easy it is to do this.”,One device obtained by Pyle was a non-functional EAS device, purchased from an electronics recycling company. While the device no longer operated, the person who discarded it and the recycling company neglected to wipe the hard drive, giving Pyle access to cryptographic keys allowing him to broadcast messages on Comcast’s network, the third largest cable company in the US.,Comcast told KerbsOnSecurity in a statement that the EAS was lost by a third-party shipper and that the keys and credentials found on the device will no longer work on their system. They also thanked Pyle for his research and for informing them about the issue.,EAS vulnerabilities have been exploited in the past. In 2013, someone hacked the EAS networks in Great Falls, Montana, and Marquette, Michigan, using their access to issue an alert saying that zombies are rising from their graves. That same prank was repeated in Indiana in 2017. There have been other incidents, though they did not include zombies.。    杭州造出了可量产“超级冰箱”。2025年8月，杭州白马湖实验室造出了一台“超级冰箱”。在零下268.95摄氏度的液氦温区，这台脉管制冷机的制冷量达到了1.8到2瓦，降温时间稳定在45分钟左右。这个温度，离绝对零度（零下273.15摄氏度）只差4.2开尔文，被称为现代前沿物理世界的“门槛温度”。今年5月，记者曾专访“超级冰箱”研发团队。这是国内首台采用单一气库技术路线、实现1.5瓦以上制冷量的脉管制冷机，近日，正式通过量产验证。

二 | 怎么理解这台“超级冰箱”的原理？白马湖实验室氢能储运团队独立首席研究员方凯解释：气体被压缩的时候，会放热。反过来，如果让高压气体“嘭”一下释放出来，猛地膨胀，它就会疯狂吸热，周围就会冷下来。这就是“脉管制冷”技术。

三 | 这台“超级冰箱”主要由压缩机、旋转阀和冷头三部分组成。今年3月，设备在实验室完成了性能验证，制冷量、降温速度、功耗等核心指标均达到国际先进水平，而成本只有进口设备的2/3。

四 | 按照规划，一年可生产“超级冰箱”50至100台。

五 | 这台“超级冰箱”到底有什么用？在量子计算领域，它是量子比特安静计算的“绝对静室”。量子比特极其脆弱，任何一点热量干扰都会让它出错。极低温环境能让它摆脱热噪声，稳定地进行计算。在医疗领域，它是医用核磁共振成像设备的核心部件，让超导磁体稳如磐石。“没有这个温度环境，所有的高端应用，都是空中楼阁。”方凯说。长期以来，脉管制冷技术和机器核心组件被国外垄断。这次突破，不仅打破了国外技术垄断和出口限制，更补上了能源科技与量子产业全国产化链条上的关键一环。

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Published on:05:02:51